Who Needs a Work Permit in China
Employers in China must secure work permits for employees who are not Chinese nationals but will be employed within the country. Generally, any foreign worker planning to take up paid employment in China will require a work permit. This includes expatriates, foreign professionals, and any individuals whose work in China requires legal documentation to ensure their stay and employment status are compliant with Chinese labor laws.
It is important for employers to recognize that individuals coming to China for business activities (such as meetings, conferences, or temporary contracts) may not need a full work permit but could require a business visa or short-term work visa instead.
Types of Work Permits and Visas in China
In China work permits and work visas refer to different authorization documents that serve different purposes. A work permit is a document issued by labor authorities that authorizes legal employment in the country. While it allows foreign professionals to work in China, it cannot be used for entry and exit. On the other hand, a work visa is an authorization document that allows entry and stay in China. Unlike the work permit (which is based on professional qualifications), the work visa is issued based on the purpose of an individual's entry and is necessary to enter or leave the country legally.
Despite their clear differences and purposes, both are required in order for a foreign national to legally work in China. Working without the proper work permit, even if you have a valid visa of another type (like a business or tourist visa), is illegal and can result in fines, deportation, and future entry bans.
Work Permits in China
China uses a three-tier talent classification system for work permits, categorizing foreign workers as follows:
| Talent Classification |
Description |
| Tier A (High-Level Talent) |
For top-tier professionals, comprising about 16% of foreign workers. Benefits include expedited processing (5 days faster), paperless verification, no age or education restrictions, longer permit validity, and a more convenient application process. |
| Tier B (Professional Talent) |
For skilled workers, making up about 61% of foreign workers. Requires a bachelor's degree, two years of relevant work experience, and employment in technical, management, or specialized roles. Application procedures are stricter, with documentation requirements and labor market demand controls. Validity periods are often shorter than Tier A. |
| Tier C (Limited Skill Workers) |
For short-term workers (under 90 days) or those under government quota programs, comprising about 22% of foreign workers. Includes individuals with old permits who don't qualify for Tier A or B. Subject to quotas, longer processing times, short validity, and stricter labor market assessments. |
Tier A (High-Level Talent) Category
The Tier A (High-Level Talent) work permit is designed for highly skilled professionals in fields of critical need in China. This category allows for expedited processing (5 days faster) through a "green channel," paperless verification during the application process, and a more inclusive and convenient application experience. There are no restrictions on age, education degree, or work experience. The permit also offers longer validity periods compared to other categories.
Applicants must typically possess high-level qualifications or specialized skills. This could include a higher education degree or significant experience in a specialized field. Employers must apply for a work permit approval before applying for the work visa.
You should apply for a Tier A work permit when hiring highly skilled or specialized professionals whose talents are needed urgently in China. This visa is best suited for employees in technical fields or leadership positions who can bring significant value to your organization.
💡Best work permit option if: This is the ideal choice if your business needs to hire top-tier talent for key roles that require specialized knowledge or leadership skills. It offers fast processing and longer-term employment flexibility, making it perfect for filling critical positions in your company.
Tier B (Professional Talent) Category
The Tier B work permit is intended for skilled professionals in China. It is for individuals with a bachelor's degree or higher, typically in technical, management, or specialized roles and at least two years of relevant work experience. While the validity periods for Tier B permits are generally shorter than Tier A, they remain a solid option for businesses hiring skilled professionals. The application process for this permit involves stricter documentation and the issuance of a work permit is influenced by the current demand for workers in specific industries or sectors.
For example, if a particular industry in China (like technology or engineering) has a shortage of qualified local professionals, the government may be more likely to approve work permits for foreign workers in that field. Conversely, if there is an oversupply of workers in a particular sector, the government may impose stricter requirements or limit the number of work permits issued for that occupation.
You should apply for a Tier B work permit when hiring skilled professionals for positions that require specific expertise but are not classified as high-level talent. This category is ideal for technical staff or mid-level management roles, where expertise and experience are key, but the role does not require top-tier qualifications.
💡Best work permit option if: The Tier B permit is perfect when you need skilled professionals for specialized roles that demand a good level of experience but not necessarily the highest level of expertise. It’s a good option for filling technical or management positions that require specific qualifications.
Tier C (Limited Skill Workers) Category
Tier C work permits are for workers with limited skills who would like to work in China. This category is typically for short-term workers (under 90 days) or those participating in government quota programs, such as internships. Tier C workers are subject to government quotas, longer processing times, and have shorter validity periods compared to higher-tier permits. This category is often used for individuals who held work permits under the previous system but no longer qualify for Tier A or B. Furthermore, Tier C applicants face stricter labor market assessments than other categories. This work permit is well-suited for internships, temporary assignments, or other short-duration positions that do not require high-level skills.
💡Best work permit option if: The Tier C work permit is best when you need to hire temporary workers for short-term projects or roles under government-sponsored programs. This visa works well for internships, seasonal work, or specialized short-term assignments, although it has limited flexibility and longer processing times.
Work Visas in China
China offers several types of work visas depending on applicant's the purpose of entry and duration of stay. Understanding the different categories will help employers determine which visa best suits the needs of their employees.
| Work Visa Type |
Description |
| Category Z Visa (Work Visa) |
Primary visa for foreigners employed in China. Valid for 30 days upon arrival. |
| Category R Visa (High-Level Talent Visa) |
Required for those taking up employment with a Chinese entity |
| Category M Visa (Business Visa) |
Single-entry visa valid for 30 days upon arrival |
| Category F Visa (Non-commercial Visit Visa) |
For activities like research, lectures, and cultural exchanges. Valid for single or double entry, with stays between 30 and 90 days. |
Each work permit category (Tier A, B, and C) in China is linked to specific visa types based on the qualifications and the type of employment or activities the foreign worker will undertake. These visa types determine the eligibility, processing times, and the duration of stay for foreign nationals employed in China:
Category Z Visa
This is the primary visa type used for foreign nationals employed in China. It is issued to those taking up employment with a Chinese entity and is typically valid for a single entry. Upon arrival, the visa is valid for 30 days, and it must be converted into a residence permit within this period. The Category Z Visa is designed for foreign workers and their accompanying family members, allowing them to stay in China for an extended period while employed. Tier A workers typically apply for this visa because it is designed for those who are coming to work in China and are expected to stay for a longer period. As such, this visa is ideal for top-level talent who will be in high-demand industries in China.
💡Best work permit option if: This visa is best for employers hiring foreign employees who will be engaged in full-time, long-term work in China. It is ideal for positions that require specialized skills, leadership, or critical roles within your organization. The Category Z Visa is the most common choice for employers hiring foreign nationals for employment purposes in China.
Category R Visa (High-Level Talent Visa)
The Category R Visa is issued to highly qualified foreign professionals whose skills are urgently needed in China. This visa is designed for top-tier talent and can be issued for multiple entries, valid for up to 5-10 years, depending on the worker’s qualifications and role. The maximum stay per entry is 180 days. The Category R Visa is associated with expedited processing and fewer documentation requirements compared to other visas.
To qualify for the Category R Visa, the applicant must be recognized as a high-level talent according to China's work permit classification system (Tier A). This typically includes individuals with exceptional skills in areas like technology, science, business, or leadership. Documentation proving the worker's expertise, including an approved work permit, is required.
You should apply for a Category R Visa if you are hiring foreign workers with exceptional skills in high-demand fields. It is ideal for roles where specialized knowledge is critical, such as research and development, high-tech industries, or senior management positions.
💡Best work permit option if: This visa is best for employers who need to attract highly skilled professionals for critical roles. It’s perfect for those who require top-tier talent and wish to benefit from quicker processing and longer-term employment options.
Category M Visa (Business Visa)
The Category M Visa is primarily used for business, trade, and commercial activities in China. This visa is not intended for employees of Chinese entities but rather for individuals engaging in short-term business visits, such as attending meetings, conferences, or negotiating contracts. It is available in single-entry, double-entry, or multiple-entry options, with stays ranging from 30 days to 1 year. Some US and Canadian citizens may be eligible for a 10-year multiple-entry M Visa.
To qualify for the Category M Visa, the applicant must provide documentation supporting their business activities in China, such as an invitation from a Chinese company or evidence of business negotiations.
You should apply for a Category M Visa when sending employees or business partners to China for short-term work that does not involve direct employment. This is ideal for individuals visiting China for business meetings, conferences, or trade shows.
💡Best work permit option if: This visa is best for employers who need to send employees to China for short-term business activities, such as market research, client meetings, or negotiations, without engaging them in formal employment.
Category F Visa (Non-commercial Visit Visa)
The Category F Visa is designed for individuals visiting China for non-commercial activities, such as research, cultural exchanges, lectures, or other academic and non-profit purposes. This visa is available in single-entry and double-entry options, with typical stays ranging from 30 days to 90 days. It is not intended for commercial or employment activities.
To qualify for a Category F Visa, the applicant must provide documentation related to their non-commercial activities in China. This may include an invitation letter from a Chinese organization, proof of research projects, or cultural exchange programs. This visa is suitable when employees are not engaged in formal work or commercial activities.
💡Best work permit option if: This visa is best for employers who need to send employees for non-commercial activities like research, conferences, cultural exchanges, or academic projects. It’s ideal for short-term assignments that do not involve direct employment or commercial activities.
Common Hiring Scenarios for China
When hiring talent in China, employers typically choose one of three pathways depending on the role, duration, & legal requirements. Below are the most common models.
Use Case 1: Sponsoring a Foreign Employee via Work Permit or Visa
This is the most common route for companies hiring full-time foreign talent in China. To sponsor this visa, an employer (or Playroll as the Employer of Record) must have a registered legal entity in-country and issue a compliant offer of employment.
Key Employer Considerations:
- Sponsorship is required — contractors or freelancers cannot apply under this visa.
- Employees must remain in the approved work location unless authorized to relocate or change employers.
- Processing timelines vary (around 1-3 weeks on average), depending on the consulate or embassy.
This is best for: Long-term roles with in-office or hybrid presence in China.
Use Case 2: Hiring a Foreign Contractor in China
Independent professionals in China can legally work with international clients without employer sponsorship, but must comply with local tax registration and reporting laws.
With Playroll’s Contractor Management solution, you can:
- Draft fully compliant local contractor agreements.
- Automate contractor invoicing and cross-border payments, in Chinese Yuan (CNY) or USD.
- Mitigate risk of permanent establishment and contractor misclassification.
This is best for: Freelancers, consultants or project-based roles, especially if the worker already lives in China.
Use Case 3: Relocating an Existing Employee to China
Transferring an existing team member to China? You’ll still need to navigate the same visa and payroll setup process. Even if the employee works for you elsewhere, a local employer of record is required to stay compliant.
EOR’s, like Playroll, handle all local steps, including:
- Work permit sponsorship and immigration paperwork,
- Registration with local authorities and payroll systems,
- Enrollment in mandatory benefits and statutory schemes.
This is best for: Internal transfers or remote-first companies looking to expand into Asia, or talent retention offerings for global mobility programs.
Requirements For a Work Permit in China
To obtain a work permit in China, certain criteria must be met by both the employer and the foreign employee. These requirements ensure that the individual is eligible to work legally in the country.
- Employment Contract: The foreign worker must have a valid employment contract with a Chinese employer. This contract should specify the position, salary, and duration of employment.
- Qualifications & Experience: The employee must meet the necessary qualifications, including educational background and work experience relevant to the position in China.
- Health Check & Background Checks: Medical exams and background checks may be required to ensure the employee meets China’s health standards and is not involved in any criminal activities.
- Work Permit Application: The employer must submit a work permit application to the relevant Chinese authorities, usually the local labor bureau or Foreign Expert Bureau.
China Work Permit Application Process
- Step 1: Obtain a Job Invitation Letter from a licensed Chinese employer or organization.
- Step 2: Submit the job invitation letter and relevant documents (e.g., employee's passport, medical certificate) to the local labor bureau or Foreign Expert Bureau.
- Step 3: Wait for approval from the Chinese authorities. This can take a few weeks, depending on the complexity of the case.
- Step 4: Once approved, the worker applies for the Z Visa (work visa) at a Chinese embassy or consulate in their home country.
- Step 5: Upon arrival in China, the worker must apply for a temporary residence permit, which allows them to stay in the country for the duration of their employment.
Process for Visa Sponsorship in China
The process of visa sponsorship in China requires employers to play an active role in securing the appropriate documentation for their foreign employees. To sponsor a foreign worker, the employer must provide proof of a valid job offer and ensure the employee meets the necessary qualifications. This typically involves verifying the employee's educational background, work experience, and health status. For specialized or high-end talent, employers may also need to demonstrate how the employee’s skills will benefit China's economic or technological development.
Employers must submit an official job invitation letter and the required documentation to the local labor bureau or Foreign Expert Bureau. Once the work permit is approved, the sponsored employee can apply for a corresponding work visa (such as a Z Visa) at a Chinese embassy or consulate in their home country. Upon arrival in China, the employee will need to obtain a temporary residence permit to legally stay and work in the country for the duration of their employment contract.
What Are the Fees for a Work Permit or Visa in China
The cost of applying for a work permit or visa in China varies depending on the visa type and the applicant’s nationality. Generally, the fees are relatively low compared to other countries, but they can add up when factoring in additional documentation or expedited processing.
| Visa Type | Application Fee |
| Z Visa | ¥500 - ¥1,000 (approximately $70 - $140) |
| R Visa | ¥1,000 - ¥2,000 (approximately $140 - $280) |
| M Visa | ¥200 - ¥500 (approximately $28 - $70) |
| F Visa | ¥300 - ¥600 (approximately $40 - $85) |
Note: The above fees reflect government fees for work permits and visas in China, and is not associated with Playroll's fees for visa support services. Please contact our team for detailed information on our visa support services.
Processing Time for a Work Permit or Visa in China
The processing time for a work permit or visa in China varies based on the type of visa and the applicant’s circumstances. Typically, it takes 1-3 weeks for approval of the work permit itself. After that, visa processing can take another 1-2 weeks. For high-demand professions or expedited processing, timelines can vary. It is advisable for employers to plan ahead and ensure all required documentation is complete to avoid unnecessary delays.
Work Permit Renewal Periods in China
Work permits in China are usually issued for a period of one to five years, depending on the nature of the job and the type of visa granted. After the initial period, the work permit can be renewed. Employers should submit renewal applications at least two months before the current permit expires to avoid gaps in the worker's legal status. Failing to renew the permit on time may lead to penalties or legal complications for both the employer and employee.
Visa Requirements for Digital Nomads in China
China does not currently offer a specific visa for digital nomads. However, foreign professionals who wish to work remotely from China may use a tourist visa (L Visa) for short stays. For longer durations, employers may need to consider other visa options, such as the Z or M visa, depending on the specific work arrangement.
- Valid Passport: Digital nomads must have a valid passport with at least six months' validity.
- Temporary Employment Agreement: Depending on the length of stay and work type, a temporary employment contract may be required.
- Health Check & Insurance: Some regions may request proof of health insurance and a medical check.
Common Challenges and Tips for Employers Hiring in China
Hiring foreign workers in China presents unique challenges, including navigating complex visa requirements, language barriers, and cultural differences. Employers should be proactive in ensuring compliance with local laws to avoid fines or delays.
- Visa Processing Delays: Applications for work permits can be delayed due to incomplete paperwork or regulatory changes.
- Language Barriers: Non-Chinese-speaking employees may face challenges in everyday communication and integration.
- Cultural Differences: Understanding local workplace customs and expectations can be crucial to the success of international hires.
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